The
article scientifically grounds the application of the complex approach to
the vocational training of professionals in shipping operation and transport
management in sea ways for ecological management. A new subject “Ecological
Safety in Sea Transport” is introduced into the curriculum of the speciality
“Shipping operation and Transport Management in Sea Ways”. The
article also deals with the methodology of block and module teaching.
Changes in the economy of the Russian Federation are accompanied by new tendencies in the employment structure. Transport is one of the biggest, the most profitable and fast developing industries of the world economy. Ecological component traditionally plays an important role in the system of industry objects “machinery – people - service”, thus providing its inclusion into the environment of a particular region.
Transport
industry needs well-qualified professionals with high level of competence
and multifunctional skills of managing ecological risks. Ecological safety
is an integral part of efficiency index of transport company operation as
well as profitability, safety of traffic and quality of transport services.
The vocational training meets the requirements of the industry modernizing the purpose and content component of the training: new aims are being formulated; criteria of subject content selection are being grounded methodologically. The methods unit remains the most difficult part of transition of theoretical statements into the didactic reality. This unit presents the whole of the didactic system elements which provides clear interrelation of the requirements to the quality of vocational training, aims nomenclature, content of the theoretical and practical blocks of classes, systems of tasks for individual and self-study and tests. Above-mentioned elements of the didactic system refer to the sphere of working out of teaching plans and programmes, their structure and content, choice of teaching methods, working out of vocational training content and its quality.
The ecological training of transport managers is a part of the State Educational Standard of Higher Vocational Education for the speciality 653400 “Transport Management and Operations”, qualification – engineer of transport management and operations. Concerning “assessment of ecological safety of transport operation” graduates shall meet the competence requirements formulated in the State Standard:
To provide ecological orientation of the graduates’ training a new subject of the federal component EN.F.05 “Ecology” has been introduced into the State Standard. The theoretical and practical training for ecological management is presented through such didactic units as biosphere and a person; structure of the biosphere; ecosystem; interaction of an organism and environment; ecology and people’s health; global problems of the environment; ecological principles of the efficient use of natural resources and conservancy; fundamentals of the nature management economics; fundamentals of ecological law, professional liability; international cooperation in the sphere of environment.
The survey of the content of the didactic units of the subject “Ecology” allows us to come to a conclusion that their acquiring contributes more to the development of the general theoretical competence in the sphere of ecology than to the development of practical skills to provide ecological safety in transport.
The study of the State Standard potential in terms of training for ecological management in transport showed that ecological component is presented in the subject “Transport junctions and ways” by didactic unit “factors of ecological and traffic safety when constructing and operating communications and fleet”; in the subject “Management of fleet operation” by didactic unit “economic and ecological assessment of traffic operation and safety”.
It is obvious that the given set of theoretical units offered to students can not satisfy the demands of the educational system in terms of ecological management in transport as well as the demands of the modern transport enterprise. Methodological basis of the presented ecological training lacks at least two very important moments. Firstly, scientific trends in the sphere of ecological safety connect solving of these problems with the notion of “ecological risk”. Secondly, specialization of engineer of transport management requires taking into account all the stages of integral management decision concerning the situation of ecological risk. It is worth mentioning that the notion “risk”, “ecological risk”, “risk-management” are not presented in the State Standard too with exception of the didactic unit “financial risk management” in the subject “Financial management”.
To solve the problem in the system of didactics of vocational transport education it is necessary to introduce a subject “Ecological safety in sea transport” into the State Standard. Its teaching and methodology complex is worked out in accordance with the methodology of block and module teaching.
According to the principles of this type of teaching the content is presented in the complete independent complex modules which serve both as source of information and directions for learning. The interaction of a teacher and a student is carried out through modules which provides for thorough preparation and self-study of a student before every lesson. On the basis of module principle the content of teaching is structured in the form of separate blocks/modules which in general correspond to the structure the stages of management activity directed to minimization and prevention of the ecological risk situation. The first stage/module is defining of the ecologically dangerous situation in the course of transport company operation and rendering transport services. The second stage/module is to define the type of ecological risk and to forecast the degree of its danger. The third stage/module is to work out the special model of ecological risk management. The forth stage/module is to work out technological model of ecological risk management. The fifth stage/module is to assess the efficiency of the ecological risk management.
Thus, the block structure of the teaching and methodology complex of training engineers of shipping operation and transport management in transport at sea for ecological management consists of:
The advantages of the presented teaching and methodology complex are supported by the following: firstly, by its correspondence to the State Standard requirements and qualification requirements for engineers of transport in the sphere of ecological management; secondly, by taking into account promising conceptions of ecological transport safety and transport management; and finally, by taking into account peculiarities (sea) of transport sphere and particular state of ecological safety in regional ports.
Literature
Евгений
Кузнецов I, Evgeniy G. Kuznezov, born 1975, is a citizen of the Russian Federation. In 1997 I graduated from the Russian State Universiti by I.Kant (Kaliningrad) with honour. In 2003 I received the degree of Candidate of Pedagogical Science. The thesis title is “Training Students – Future Engineers of Shipping Operations and Transport Management at Sea – for Solving Ecological Tasks”. In 2006 academic status of associated professor was awarded. At the moment I am working in the Baltic Fishing Fleet State Academy (Kaliningrad) as an associate professor, the chair of shipping operations.
I have been working since 1992, as a teacher – since 1997.
I am the author of more than 100 scientific works the most important of which are:
I also took an active part in the regional, all-Russian, international scientific conferences, seminars, meetings having place in Moscow, Kaliningrad, Smolensk, Voronezh, Tver, Kazan, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Belgorod, Pskov and others.
I have three certificates of the Baltic University (programmes “The Baltic People”, “Ecology of the Baltic Sea”, Stable Baltic Region”) and the “Certificate in Public Administration” awarded by the London School of Economics.
I am a full member of the Russian Geographical Society.
The sphere of scientific research includes vocational pedagogics, ecology, economic geography and transport ecology.
|
||
| Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz
|
